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The interaction of a flexible structure with a flowing
fluid in which it is submersed or by which it is surrounded gives rise
to a rich variety of physical phenomena with applications in many fields
of engineering, named as Fluid-structure interaction (FSI). For example,
the flow of blood through arteries, the response of bridges and tall
buildings to winds, and the vibration of turbine blades. To understand
these phenomena, we need to find an effective way to model and simulate
both fluid and structure, simultaneously, by investigating the
interaction between them. In general, FSI problems require the fluid and
the structure fields at the common interface to share not only the same
velocity but also the common normal stress. There are currently several
major approaches classified with respect to the computational treatment
how the interfacial conditions of FSI are dealt with on the moving
interface.
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